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Radiation Safety In Shelters
FEMA CPG 2-6.4 September 23, 1983
Handbook for finding and providing the best protection in shelters
with the use of instruments for detecting radiation.TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Cover & Forward
cover
CHECKLIST "A" FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION (Yellow Pages)
ix
CHECKLIST "B" STANDARD CHECKLIST FOR RADIOLOGICAL MONITORS
xiii
CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION
Why You Need This Handbook
1-1
Selection of Radiological Monitors
1-2
Definitions of Special Terms
1-2
What is Nuclear Radiation?
1-2
How Radioactive Fallout is Produced
1-3
How Nuclear Radiation Harms Our Bodies
1-4
Alpha Radiation
1-4
Beta Radiation
1-4
Gamma Radiation
1-4
How Quantities of Nuclear Radiation are Measured
1-4
How Much Nuclear Radiation is Harmful?
1-5
Natural Background Levels
1-5
Symptoms of Radiation Injury
1-5
Effects and Levels of Sickness from Brief Exposure
1-6
Long-Term Effects
1-8
Contamination of Food and Water
1-9
How You Can Shield Yourself from Gamma Radiation
1-10
How Fallout Radioactivity Arrives and Decays
1-12
Fallout from One Weapon
1-12
Fallout from Many Weapons
1-12
After Fallout Stops Coming Down
1-13
The Seven-Ten Rule
1-13
Radioactive Decay
1-15
Rainout
1-15
CHAPTER 2 - INSTRUMENTS FOR DETECTING NUCLEAR RADIATION
What Is Needed
2-1
What If There Are No Instruments?
2-1
The Survey Meter
2-2
The Dosimeter
2-3
The Dosimeter Charger
2-4
CHAPTER 3 - HOW TO GET YOUR RADIOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Before You Begin
3-1
Preparation for Using the Survey Meter
3-1
Preliminary
3-1
Installing the Battery in the Survey Meter
3-1
Checking the Battery and the Instrument
3-2
Reading the Survey Meter
3-4
Troubleshooting the Survey Meter
3-7
Preparation for Using the Dosimeter Charger
3-7
Preliminary
3-7
Installing the Battery in the Charger
3-8
Checking the Battery and the Dosimeter Charger
3-8
Troubleshooting the Dosimeter Charger
3-12
Preparation for Using the Dosimeter
3-13
Preliminary
3-13
Charging or Zeroing the Dosimeter
3-13
Checking the Dosimeter for Leaks
3-15
Reading the Dosimeter
3-16
CHAPTER 4 - RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURES
Introduction
4-1
Before Fallout Arrives
4-1
Organization of Shelter Population
4-2
Checking Out the Shelter
4-4
Best Protection
4-5
Space
4-8
Radiation Safety Improvement
4-10
Openings and Ventilation
4-10
Materials for Shielding
4-12
Entranceway Problems
4-12
Restroom and Water Locations
4-13
Dosimeter Locations
4-13
Instrument Storage
4-14
Light Sources
4-14
Writing Supplies
4-14
Getting and Checking the Instruments
4-15
Informing the People in the Shelter About
4-15
Watching for Fallout to Arrive
4-16
While Fallout is Coming Down
4-19
Decontamination of People Caught in Fallout
4-19
Finding the Places with the Lowest Radiation Levels
4-20
The Time-Averaging Method
4-22
Finding and Covering Up "Leaks" in Gamma Shielding
4-27
Gamma Shielding by People
4-31
Keeping Track of Everyone's Radiation Exposure
4-32
After Fallout Has Stopped Coming Down
4-33
Forecasting Radiation Exposure
4-33
The Penalty Table
4-37
Use of the Penalty Table as a Guide for Operations
4-38
Checking Radiation Levels Beyond the Immediate
4-40
Leaving the Shelter
4-42
APPENDICES
A. Glossary
A-1
B. Conversion of Standard Time Designation to
B-1
C. Bibliography
C-1
D. Acknowledgement
D-1
Sample Forms for RADIATION EXPOSURE RECORD
forms
http://www.survivalring.org/RadiationSafetyInShelters.pdf
for Potassium Iodide (KI) tablets,
Potasium Iodate (KIO3) pills, and all forms of radiation protection iodine!
© www.RadMeters4U.com 2001. All Rights Reserved.
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